Hubungan stadium klinis awal dan lanjut dengan kejadian depresi pada penderita Karsinoma Nasofaring (KNF) sebelum terapi di Poliklinik THT – KL RSUP Prof. Dr. IGNG Ngoerah, Bali, Indonesia

Ketut Wahyudiana Sudana; I Ketut Suanda; Sari Wulan Dwi Sutanegara

doi:10.15562/ism.v14i2.1764

Hubungan stadium klinis awal dan lanjut dengan kejadian depresi pada penderita Karsinoma Nasofaring (KNF) sebelum terapi di Poliklinik THT – KL RSUP Prof. Dr. IGNG Ngoerah, Bali, Indonesia

Ketut Wahyudiana Sudana ,

I Ketut Suanda ,

Sari Wulan Dwi Sutanegara ,

pdf |
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15562/ism.v14i2.1764 |
Published: 2023-08-28

Abstract

Background: Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) is a tumor or malignancy that manifests in the nasopharynx, in the upper throat and back of the nose. When someone is diagnosed with cancer, many of them experience mental disorders, such as one example of depression. This study aimed to determine the relationship between early and advanced clinical stages with the incidence of depression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients before therapy.

Methods: An observational cross sectional comparative study design was conducted. Fifty-four research subjects were obtained with consecutive sampling techniques. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively, followed by the Chi-Square test and ended with the Logistic Regression test by SPSS version 26.0 for Windows.

Results: Based on bivariate analysis, three variables are significantly related to the level of depression in NPC patients, such as age, level of education and stage of cancer (p<0.05). Based on multivariate analysis using Logistic Regression, only one variable had a statistically significant relationship with the level of depression in NPC patients, namely the cancer stadium variable (p=0.001).

Conclusion: These findings suggest a significant relationship between the stage of cancer and the level of depression in NPC patients.

Latar Belakang: Karsinoma Nasofaring (KNF) adalah tumor atau keganasan yang bermanifestasi pada daerah nasofaring yaitu pada daerah atas tenggorokan dan belakang hidung. Ketika seseorang didiagnosa menderita kanker,banyak yang mengalami gangguan mental seperti salah satu contohnya depresi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan stadium klinis awal dan lanjut dengan kejadian depresi pada pasien karsinoma nasofaring sebelum terapi.

Metode: observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional comparative study. Didapatkan 54 subjek penelitian dengan tehnik consecutive sampling. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif, dilanjutkan dengan uji Chi-Square dan diakhiri uji Regresi Logistik menggunakan SPSS versi 26.0 untuk Windows.

Hasil: Berdasarkan analisis bivariat, terdapat tiga variabel yang berhubungan secara bermakna dengan tingkat deprersi pada pasien KNF yakni usia, tingkat pendidikan terakhir dan stadium kanker (p<0.05). Berdasarkan analisis multivariat dengan menggunakan Regresi Logistik hanya terdapat satu variabel yang secara statistik memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan tingkat depresi pada pasien KNF yaitu variabel stadium kanker (p=0.001).

Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara stadium kanker dengan tingkat depresi pada pasien KNF.

References

Adham M, Kurniawan AN, Muhtadi AI, Roezin A, Hermani B, Gondhowiardjo S, et al. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Indonesia: epidemiology, incidence, signs, and symptoms at presentation. Chin J Cancer. 2012;31(4):185-196.
Hasibuan FA. Hubungan Karsinoma Nasofaring Dengan Kejadian Depresi Pada Pasien Rawat Inap Di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Haji Adam Malik Medan [Skripsi]. Universitas Sumatera Utara. 2017.
Wei WI, Sham JS. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Lancet. 2005;365(9476):2041-2054.
Leung SW, Lee TF. Treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by tomotherapy: five-year experience. Radiat Oncol. 2013;8:107.
Wu SG, Zhang QH, Zhang WW, Sun JY, Lin Q, He ZY. The Effect of Marital Status on Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Survival: A Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Study. J Cancer. 2018;9(10):1870-1876.
Schaefer EW, Wilson MZ, Goldenberg D, Mackley H, Koch W, Hollenbeak CS. Effect of marriage on outcomes for elderly patients with head and neck cancer. Head Neck. 2015;37(5):735-742.
Melia E, Putrayasa I, Azis A. Hubungan Antara Frekuensi Kemoterapi Dengan Status Fungsional Pasien Kanker Yang Menjalani Kemoterapi di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar. 2013;1(1):1-11.
Kurniawati D, Kuhuwael FG, Punagi AQ. Penilaian kualitas hidup penderita karsinoma nasofaring berdasarkan Karnofsky Scale, EORTC QLQ-C30 dan EORTC QLQ-H & N35. Oto Rhino Laryngologica Indonesiana. 2018;43(2):110–120.
Sze HC, Ng WT, Chan OS, Shum TC, Chan LL, Lee AW. Radical Radiotherapy for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Elderly Patients: The Importance of Co-Morbidity Assessment. Oral Oncol. 2012;48(2):162–167.
Zhang Y, Yi JL, Huang XD, Xu GZ, Xiao JP, Li SY, et al. Inherently Poor Survival of Elderly Patients With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Head Neck. 2015;37(6):771–776.
Li R, Su L, Hua Y, Ye JR, Song XR, Tian J, et al. Anxiety and depression status prior to radiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its effect on acute radiation toxicities. European Journal of Cancer Care. 2021;30(6):e13487.
McDowell LJ, Rock K, Xu W, Chan B, Waldron J, Lu L, et al. Long-Term Late Toxicity, Quality of Life, and Emotional Distress in Patients With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treated With Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 2018;102(2):340–352.
Cai Y, Zhang Y, Cao W, Hou F, Xin M, Guo VY, et al. Preliminary validation of the Chinese version of the Shame and Stigma Scale among patients with facial disfigurement from nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PLoS ONE. 2022;17(12):e0279290.
Wang Y, Zhang W, Wu X, Luo X, Li S, Zhu G, et al. Cerebral Structural Abnormalities and Their Associations With Peripheral Cytokine Levels in a Group of Untreated Patients With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Front Oncol. 2021;11:740033.
Wolfe MEH, McGuire DB, Soeken K, Brown JG, De Forge BR. Prevalence and Correlates of Depression Among Patients With Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review of Implications for Research. Oncology Nursing Forum. 2009;36(3):E107-E125.
Alacacioglu A, Tarhan O, Alacacioglu I, Dirican A, Yilmaz U. Depression and anxiety in cancer patients and their relatives. JBUON. 2013;18(3):767-774.
Grabsch B, Clarke DM, Love A, McKenzie DP, Snyder RD, Bloch S, et al. Psychological morbidity and quality of life in women with advanced breast cancer: a cross-sectional survey. Palliat Support Care. 2006;4(1):47-56.
Wilson KG, Chochinov HM, Skirko MG, Allard P, Chary S, Gagnon PR, et al. Depression and anxiety disorders in palliative cancer care. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2007;33(2):118–129.
Meyer F, Fletcher K, Prigerson HG, Braun IM, Maciejewski PK. Advanced cancer as a risk for major depressive episodes. Psychooncology. 2015;24(9):1080-1087.
Quist M, Adamsen L, Rørth M, Laursen JH, Christensen KB, Langer SW. The impact of a multidimensional exercise intervention on physical and functional capacity, anxiety, and depression in patients with advanced-stage lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Integrative Cancer Therapies. 2015;14(4):341–349.
Akechi T. Psychotherapy for Depression Among Patients with Advanced Cancer. Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2012;42(12):1113–1119.
Romdhoni AC, Rachmadhan HF, Azmi YA, Ashari FY, Dewayani A. Retrospective study on nasopharyngeal cancer (RENOCS): outcome management of in-hospital patients. Bali Medical Journal. 2023;12(2):1665-1671.
Utomo AW, Romdhoni AC. Characteristics of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya. Bali Medical Journal. 2023;12(2):1589-1593.
Rini FS, Murbawani EA, Fasitasari M, Puruhita N, Khairuddin. The relationship between nutritional status before chemotherapy with nutritional status after chemotherapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngealcarcinoma patients. Bali Medical Journal. 2023;12(1):843-850.