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Hubungan antara pola asuh dengan kejadian Gangguan Stres Pasca Trauma (GSPT) pada penyintas kekerasan seksual yang terjadi saat usia anak



Abstract

Background: The number of sexual violence cases against children under the age of 18 in Indonesia has shown an upwards trend every year. Sexual violence also has a serious impact on the psychological well-being of children. However, disclosure rates of sexual violence in Indonesia is still very low. One of the factors that determine the occurrence of psychological disorders after traumatic events is the parenting style experienced by the individual. This study aims to identify the characteristics of survivors of sexual violence that occurred during childhood and to investigate the relationship between parenting style and the occurrence of PTSD in survivors.

Methods: The study sample was taken from the list of sexual violence reports at LBH APIK and UPTD PPA Denpasar, Bali. Parenting style was assessed using the Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) and the PTSD score was measured using the PTSD checklist for DSM-V (PCL-5) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0 for Windows.

Results: It was found that 62.5% of the sample experienced GSPT. The distribution of parenting styles experienced by the sample is as follows: 54.2% are authoritarian, 33.3% are democratic, and 12.5% are permissive. In the sample group with authoritarian parenting, 76.9% experienced GSPT. In the group with democratic parenting, 50% experienced GSPT, whereas in the group with permissive parenting, 33.3% experienced GSPT. However, the differences between the three groups were not significant based on the Chi-square test due to the limited number of samples. Survivors of sexual violence with authoritarian parenting styles have a higher OR = 4.00 of experiencing GSPT than samples with democratic and permissive parenting styles.

Conclusion: Authoritarian parenting has a greater correlation with the incidence of GSPT than permissive and democratic parenting. However, the chi-square test indicated that there was no significant difference in the findings.

 

Latar Belakang: Angka kekerasan seksual pada anak berumur di bawah 18 tahun di Indonesia menunjukkan tren terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Kekerasan seksual juga berdampak berat terhadap keadaan psikis anak, namun tingkat pelaporan kekerasan seksual di Indonesia sayangnya masih rendah. Salah satu faktor yang menentukan terjadinya gangguan psikis setelah kejadian traumatis adalah pola asuh orangtua. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari karakteristik penyintas kekerasan seksual yang terjadi saat usia anak dan mencari hubungan pola asuh dan kejadian GSPT pada penyintas.

Metode: Sampel penelitian diambil dari daftar laporan kekerasan seksual pada LBH APIK dan UPTD PPA Denpasar, Bali. Pola Asuh anak dinilai dari Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) dan skor GSPT diukur dengan kuesioner PTSD checklist for DSM-V (PCL-5). Data dianalisis dengan SPSS versi 26.0 untuk Windows.

Hasil: Ditemukan bahwa 62,5% sampel mengalami GSPT. Distribusi pola asuh yang dialami sampel adalah sebagai berikut: 54,2% otoriter, 33,3% demokratis, dan 12,5% permisif. Kelompok sampel dengan pola asuh otoriter, 76,9% mengalami GSPT. Pada kelompok dengan pola asuh demokratis, 50% mengalami GSPT, sedangkan pada kelompok dengan pola asuh permisif, 33,3% mengalami GSPT. Namun, perbedaan antara ketiga kelompok tidak signifikan berdasarkan uji Chi-square karena jumlah sampel yang terbatas. Penyintas kekerasan seksual dengan pola asuh otoriter memiliki OR = 4,00 lebih tinggi mengalami GSPT daripada sampel dengan pola asuh demokratis dan permisif.

Kesimpulan: Pola asuh otoriter memiliki korelasi lebih besar dengan kejadian GSPT daripada pola asuh permisif dan demokratis. Namun, uji chi-square menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan signifikan dalam temuan tersebut.

Keywords: Kekerasan Seksual Parenting Authority Questionnaire Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

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How to Cite

Nicole, J., Wahyuni, A. A. S., Ardani, I. G. A. I., & Kurniawan, L. S. (2023). Hubungan antara pola asuh dengan kejadian Gangguan Stres Pasca Trauma (GSPT) pada penyintas kekerasan seksual yang terjadi saat usia anak. Intisari Sains Medis, 14(2), 702–706. https://doi.org/10.15562/ism.v14i2.1680
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Jacqueline Nicole
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Anak Ayu Sri Wahyuni
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I Gusti Ayu Indah Ardani
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Lely Setyawati Kurniawan
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