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Peran rehabilitasi medik pada pasien pasca infeksi COVID-19: tinjauan kepustakaan



Abstract

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease and has become a worldwide pandemic due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In post-COVID-19 patients, about 10% of patients remain symptomatic for more than three weeks, and less than 10% of patients experience sequelae for months. Patients who have sequelae, known as long COVID syndrome, can experience various impairments in structure and function. Not only in the respiratory tract, but sequelae can also occur in some organs such as the cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal, and even psychological nervous system.

Literature review: Medical rehabilitation has a role in improving functional abilities and improving the quality of life of patients after COVID-19 infection. To find out the impairment that occurs in patients after COVID-19 infection, screening and assessment are needed to determine the severity experienced in COVID-19 survivors. Rehabilitation services are provided in accordance with the severity of patients after COVID-19 infection. There are three levels of recommended rehabilitation service models, such as specialist multidisciplinary team (MDT) services, community-based therapy teams, and self-management.

Conclusion: The rehabilitation program for post-COVID-19 patients is given specifically and differently for each individual, depending on the severity and functional impairment experienced. For this reason, screening and assessment of COVID-19 survivors is needed, especially those at high risk of experiencing long COVID syndrome.

 

Latar belakang: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) merupakan penyakit yang sangat menular dan menjadi pandemi di seluruh dunia akibat infeksi Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-COV2). Pada pasien pasca infeksi COVID-19 sekitar 10% pasien tetap mengalami gejala hingga lebih dari tiga minggu dan kurang dari 10% pasien mengalami gejala sisa hingga berbulan-bulan. Pasien yang memiliki gejala sisa atau yang dikenal dengan sindrom long COVID dapat mengalami berbagai gangguan struktur dan fungsi tubuh. Tidak hanya pada saluran pernapasan, gejala sisa juga dapat terjadi pada beberapa organ seperti sistem kardiovaskular, muskuloskeletal dan sistem saraf bahkan psikologis.

Tinjauan kepustakaan: Rehabilitasi medik memiliki peran dalam meningkatkan kemampuan fungsional dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien pasca infeksi COVID 19. Untuk mengetahui gangguan yang terjadi pada pasien pasca infeksi COVID-19 maka dibutuhkan screening dan assessment untuk menentukan tingkat keparahan yang dialami pada penyintas COVID-19. Pelayanan rehabilitasi yang diberikan sesuai dengan tingkat keparahan pasien pasca infeksi COVID 19. Terdapat tiga tingkatan model pelayanan rehabilitasi yang direkomendasikan yaitu pelayanan specialist multidisciplinary team (MDT), tim terapi berbasis komunitas, dan self-management.

Simpulan: Program rehabilitasi pada pasien pasca COVID 19 diberikan secara spesifik dan berbeda pada setiap individu tergantung dari tingkat keparahan dan gangguan fungsi yang dialami. Untuk itu diperlukan screening dan assessment pada penyintas COVID-19 terutama yang berisko tinggi mengalami sindrom long COVID.

Keywords: gejala sisa COVID-19 infeksi pasca COVID-19 rehabilitasi medik sindrom long COVID

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How to Cite

Dananjaya, I. M. D., & Silakarma, D. (2023). Peran rehabilitasi medik pada pasien pasca infeksi COVID-19: tinjauan kepustakaan. Intisari Sains Medis, 14(2), 679–683. https://doi.org/10.15562/ism.v14i2.1568
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